Oesophagus Cancer
Oesophagus cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the long, hollow tube connecting the throat to the stomach, known as the oesophagus. It plays a key role in moving food from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. This type of cancer often begins in the cells lining the oesophagus and can spread to other parts of the body if not treated early. It is one of the leading types of cancers, particularly affecting individuals over the age of 50, with lifestyle factors and dietary habits contributing significantly to its risk.
Causes of Oesophagus Cancer
The exact cause of oesophageal cancer is not fully understood, but certain factors can increase the risk of developing it, including:
Smoking and Tobacco Use: A leading cause of oesophagus cancer in India.
Dietary Factors: Diets low in fruits and vegetables or high in processed foods, spicy or salty foods can contribute to its onset.
Heavy Alcohol Consumption: Long-term alcohol use can irritate the oesophageal lining, increasing cancer risk.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can lead to Barrett’s oesophagus, a precursor to oesophageal cancer.
Obesity: Excess body weight increases the risk of cancer due to acid reflux and changes in the oesophagus.
Symptoms of Oesophagus Cancer
Early-stage oesophagus cancer may not show symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): A common symptom where patients feel as if food is stuck in their throat or chest.
Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant, unintended weight loss over a short period.
Chest Pain or Discomfort: Pain or pressure in the chest or back.
Chronic Cough or Hoarseness: Especially if it persists for a long time.
Indigestion or Heartburn: Ongoing heartburn or indigestion that does not improve with medication.
Diagnosis of Oesophagus Cancer
To diagnose oesophagus cancer, the following tests and procedures are typically used:
Endoscopy
A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the oesophagus to check for abnormalities.
Biopsy
During an endoscopy, a tissue sample is taken from the suspicious area and examined under a microscope to check for cancerous cells.
Imaging Tests
Tests such as CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and barium swallow X-rays help determine the location and extent of the cancer.
Endoscopic Ultrasound
This combines endoscopy and ultrasound to provide detailed images of the oesophagus and surrounding tissues.
Treatment for Oesophagus Cancer
Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, location, and the patient's overall health. The common treatments for oesophagus cancer include:
Surgery
- Esophagectomy: Removal of part or all of the oesophagus, often recommended in early-stage cancer.
- Esophagogastrectomy: Surgery that removes part of the stomach and oesophagus.
Radiation Therapy
High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors, often combined with chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy
Drugs that kill cancer cells or stop them from dividing are administered orally or intravenously.
Targeted Therapy
Involves medications that specifically target cancer cells, often used when the cancer is advanced.
Immunotherapy
Boosts the body’s immune system to fight the cancer, often used in later stages or in combination with other treatments.
Endoscopic Treatments
For very early-stage cancers, treatments such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) may be used to remove small tumors without open surgery.
Conclusion
The treatment outcomes for oesophagus cancer can vary based on the stage at diagnosis and the treatment approach. Early detection improves the likelihood of successful treatment and survival. It is crucial for individuals to seek medical attention if they experience persistent symptoms associated with oesophagus cancer.
To consult with the best doctor for the treatment of oesophagus cancer, click here
The best hospital for the treatment of oesophagus cancer in India, click here
The best hospital for the treatment of oesophagus cancer in Bangalore, click here
The best hospital for the treatment of oesophagus cancer in Chennai, click here
The best hospital for the treatment of oesophagus cancer in Delhi, click here
The best hospital for the treatment of oesophagus cancer in Hyderabad, click here
The best hospital for the treatment of oesophagus cancer in Mumbai, click here
