Oesophagus cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the long, hollow tube connecting the throat to the stomach, known as the oesophagus. It plays a key role in moving food from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. This type of cancer often begins in the cells lining the oesophagus and can spread to other parts of the body if not treated early. It is one of the leading types of cancers, particularly affecting individuals over the age of 50, with lifestyle factors and dietary habits contributing significantly to its risk.
The exact cause of oesophageal cancer is not fully understood but certain factors can increase the risk of developing it, including:
A leading cause of oesophagus cancer in India.
Long-term alcohol use can irritate the oesophageal lining, increasing cancer risk.
Chronic acid reflux can lead to Barrett's oesophagus, a precursor to oesophageal cancer.
Diet low in fruits and vegetables or high in processed foods, spicy or salty foods can contribute to its onset.
Excess body weight increases the risk of cancer due to acid reflux and changes in the oesophagus.
Early-stage oesophagus cancer may not show symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
To diagnose oesophagus cancer, the following tests and procedures are typically used:
Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, location, and the patient‘s overall health. The common treatments for oesophagus cancer include:
High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors, often combined with chemotherapy.
Drugs that kill cancer cells or stop them from dividing are administered orally or intravenously.
Involves medications that specifically target cancer cells, often used when the cancer is advanced.
Boosts the body’s immune system to fight the cancer, often used in later stages or in combination with other treatments.
For very early-stage cancers, treatments such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) may be used to remove small tumors without open surgery.
The treatment outcomes for oesophagus cancer can vary based on the stage at diagnosis and the treatment approach. Early detection improves the likelihood of successful treatment and survival. It is crucial for individuals to seek medical attention if they experience persistent symptoms associated with oesophagus cancer.
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